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The Roter Frontkämpferbund (also Rotfrontkämpferbund, abbreviated RFB; ) was officially a non-partisan and legally registered association ((ドイツ語:Eingetragener Verein e.V.)) but in practice a paramilitary organization under the leadership of the Communist Party of Germany during the Weimar Republic. The first local groups of the RFB were established in July 1924 and Ernst Thälmann was elected the first leader of the federal committee during the first nationwide meeting in February 1925 in Berlin. ''Die Rote Front'' ((英語:''The Red Front'')) was the newspaper of the RFB. The greeting of “Rot Front!” () while rising a clenched fist was responsible for the expression ''Rotfront'', often used among friends and foes to refer to the organization instead of using the entire title of the alliance. The clenched fist "protecting the friend, fighting off the enemy" ((ドイツ語:"schützend den Freund, abwehrend den Feind")) was the symbol of the RFB used on all its insignias and its registered trademark since March 1, 1926. Founded as a proletarian defense organization for the working class, over the years the RFB engaged more and more in violent street fights with the police, the Nazi party's Sturmabteilung (SA) as well as other political rivals and after their participation in the bloody protests following the ban to celebrate the International Workers' Day in Berlin 1929, during which more than 30 people were shot and killed by the police, the organization was banned in 1929 and all its assets confiscated by the government. At the time of the ban, the RFB had close to 130,000 members of which a large part continued their activities illegally or in local successor organizations such as the Kampfbund gegen den Faschismus ((英語:Fighting-Alliance Against Fascism)), while others retired from the political scene. Contrary to a self-perpetuating legend spread by later historians, defections to the SA were rare . After the takeover of the political power in Germany by the Nazis in 1933, former RFB-members were among the first arrested and incarcerated in the concentration camps of the Sturmabteilung (SA). The Nazis were seeking revenge on their former rivals and many of the Red Front-Fighters lost their lives in the Nazi prisons. Of those who survived or were able to avoid arrest, many followed the call of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) and joined the ''Centuria Thälmann'' of the International Brigades to fight against the clerico-royalists and fascists led by General Francisco Franco. During World War II former Red Front-Fighters were fighting within the ranks of the soviet Red Army against Nazi Germany. After the end of World War II former RFB-members such as Erich Honecker and Erich Mielke were actively involved in the creation of the first police and military units of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). In East Germany the traditions of the RFB were carried on in the Arbeiterkampfgruppen ((英語:Combat Groups of the Working Class)) and the Nationale Volksarmee ((英語: National People's Army )), while the Federal Republic of Germany in West Germany enforced the ban of 1929 and persecuted former Red Front-Fighters admitting to their activities as members of the RFB. ==Formation== Until 1923 the Communist Party of Germany could depend on the Proletarian Hundreds ((ドイツ語:Proletarische Hundertschaften)) to secure their meetings and demonstrations. After the ban of this proletarian defense organization in 1923, the Communist Party of Germany was in need to protect their political activities against attacks from the police and right-wing paramilitary organizations such as the Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten and the Sturmabteilung. During the 9th national conference of the Communist Party of Germany in April 1924 it was decided to form a new defense organization, under the name Roter Frontkämpfer-Bund. The goal was to attract non-communist workers and lead them as a united front. The incidents in the City of Halle/Saale on May 11, 1924, where 8 workers were killed and 16 seriously wounded by shots fired by the police during a demonstration, the decision was made public to all local organizations of the party and soon after the first local RFB-groups were formed. Most of these first RFB-units were located in industrial cities, seaports and other traditional strongholds of the working class. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roter Frontkämpferbund」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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